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Useful for UGC NET · CSIR NET · ISS · APPSC

On this page
  1. Welcome, Students!
  2. Course Outcomes
  3. Units in this Course
  4. Recommended Textbooks

Welcome, Students!

This is your complete, exam-ready study package for Descriptive Statistics. Every topic in the official syllabus is covered, with definitions, formulae and two worked examples per concept so you can master each idea by practice.

How to use this site: Read each unit in order, do the worked examples on paper before reading the solution, then attempt the practical experiments at the end. All formulae are rendered with MathJax for clarity.

Course Outcomes

  1. Acquaint with the role of statistics in different fields, especially business and economics.
  2. Review good practice in presentation and the format applicable to one's own data.
  3. Learn measures of central tendency to reduce data to a single value for comparative studies.
  4. Familiarize with measures of dispersion that describe reliability of average and variability.
  5. Understand the shape of distributions through moments, skewness and kurtosis.

Units in this Course

UNIT 1

Statistical Description of Data

Origin, definitions, importance, scope, limitations, functions of statistics; primary & secondary data; classification & presentation of data.

 UNIT 2

Measurement Scales & Data Presentation

Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio scales; frequency distributions; bar, multiple-bar, pie diagrams; histogram, frequency polygon, ogives.

 UNIT 3

Measures of Central Tendency

Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean — for grouped & ungrouped data; properties and empirical relation.

 UNIT 4

Measures of Dispersion

Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation; their coefficients; Variance and applications in business & pharmacy.

 UNIT 5

Moments, Skewness & Kurtosis

Central & non-central moments; Sheppard's correction; Karl Pearson & Bowley's coefficients of skewness; kurtosis (β2).

 PRACTICAL

Practical Course (10 Experiments)

Hands-on lab problems — frequency tables, diagrams, central tendency, dispersion, moments, skewness and kurtosis.

 REFERENCE

Official Syllabus

Full course outline, textbooks, references and suggested co-curricular activities for quick revision.

Next course in learning order: Statistical Methods Foundations