Useful for ISS
Data science begins with data, and most of the world's structured data lives in a relational database. Before you can analyse anything you have to get it out, and getting it out means SQL.
SQL is also the most durable skill in this degree. Libraries come and go;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ... GROUP BY has been essentially unchanged since
1974 and will outlast whatever framework is fashionable when you graduate.
Triggers are examined but are not in the syllabus units. Unit 5 lists control structures, procedures and functions — no triggers. Yet Course Objective 5 names "database triggers", the prescribed activities require them, and two of the six PL/SQL lab questions are trigger problems.
Study them. They are covered in unit-5.md. See
SYLLABUS-REVIEW.md finding D2.
To understand the fundamentals of data, information, and the evolution from file-based systems to modern database management systems.
To develop the ability to design conceptual data models using Entity- Relationship (ER) and Enhanced ER diagrams.
To explore relational model principles, such as keys, integrity constraints and normalization.
To perform data definition and manipulation using SQL commands including queries, joins, subqueries, views, and set operations.
To apply procedural logic using PL/SQL, incorporating control structures, functions, procedures, and database triggers.
(Objective 5 names triggers; Course Outcome 5 and Unit 5 both drop them.)
Data and information, file-based systems and their drawbacks; the database approach, data models and the three-schema architecture.
UNIT 2ER building blocks, entity and attribute classification, cardinality; reducing ER diagrams to tables; the EER model.
UNIT 3Codd's rules, keys, integrity constraints, relational algebra; functional dependencies and normal forms to 3NF and BCNF.
UNIT 4DDL, DML and DQL; aggregates, GROUP BY and HAVING; joins, set operations, subqueries and views.
UNIT 5Block structure, control structures, cursors and exceptions; procedures, functions and database triggers.
PRACTICEExam-style questions with fully worked solutions.
LABEvery prescribed lab experiment, with code and expected output.