Useful for UGC NET · CSIR NET · ASRB NET · ISS · APPSC
This is your full, exam-ready study package for Theory of Probability and Mathematical Expectations. Every topic in the syllabus is covered with definitions, axioms, theorems and two worked examples per concept. All formulae are rendered with MathJax for clarity.
Random experiments, sample space, events; classical, statistical and axiomatic definitions; conditional probability, independence; addition, multiplication theorems; Boole's inequality; Bayes' theorem.
UNIT 2Discrete & continuous r.v., functions of r.v., PMF, PDF, distribution function and its properties; moments, skewness, kurtosis from PMF/PDF.
UNIT 3Joint, marginal and conditional distributions (discrete and continuous); independence of random variables with worked problems.
UNIT 4Expectation, moments & covariance via expectation; addition & multiplication theorems; properties of E, Var, Cov; Chebyshev & Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities.
UNIT 5MGF, CGF, characteristic function, PGF and their properties; Weak & Strong Law of Large Numbers; convergence in probability & in distribution; Central Limit Theorem.
PRACTICALMoments & coefficients of skewness and kurtosis from PMF and PDF; joint, marginal and conditional distributions; Chebyshev's inequality applications.
REFERENCEFull course outline, textbooks, references and suggested co-curricular activities.